Clef, key signature and meter are given once only, at the beginning. Only the melody line, words (if any) and chord symbols are given. (2) A special type of score, used by Jazz musicians. See Trading 4s.Д¬hart: (1) Any musical score.

(2) Rhythm Changes (q.v.) for short.Д¬hase: Two soloists, such as the trumpet and sax, taking alternating 4-bar phrases (or 8, or 2). Determining the exact changes to use is a big part of preparing a tune for performance. 'Playing' or 'running' the changes means using suitable scales, etc., over each given chord of the tune. The use of moving inner voices to give propulsion to a chord that lasts for a while.Д¬hanges: (1) The chords of a tune. In understanding the harmonic structure of a tune, it's important to see which chords are connected to which others in cadences.Д¬ESH: Contrapuntal Elaboration of Static Harmony, a foolish Jazz term used in some textbooks. Sometimes a whole section of a tune can be an extended cadence. A turnaround is one example of a cadence. Especially applied to bass and drum playing.Д¬adence: A key-establishing chord progression, generally following the circle of fifths. Thelonious Monk once remarked that the function of a bridge is 'to make the outside sound good'.Д«roken time: A way of playing in which the beat is not stated explicitly. Traditionally, the bridge goes into a different key, often a remote key. Blues, with continuous repeated eighth note patterns in the left hand and exciting but often stereotyped blues riffs and figures in the right hand.Д«reak: A transitional passage in which a soloist plays unaccompanied.Д«ridge: The contrasting middle section of a tune, especially the 'B' section of an AABA song form. (4) A feeling that is said to inform all of Jazz.Д«oogie (boogie-woogie): A style of piano playing very popular in the thirties. (3) A musical genre, ancestral to Jazz and part of it. (2) A melodic style, with typical associated harmonies, using certain 'blues scales', riffs and grace notes. Sometimes written on a separate page.Д«lues: (1) A form normally consisting of 12 bars, staying in one key and moving to IV at bar 5. Also, simply to play an instrument.Д«lowing changes: The chords of a tune, particularly those intended specifically for improvising which may vary somewhat from the changes of the head. Also called locked hands.Д«low: The Jazz term for ' improvise.' It has a more mystical aura. It is a technical procedure requiring much practice, and can sound dated if the harmonies are not advanced enough. Instrumental virtuosity was stressed, while tone quality became more restrained, less obviously 'expressive'.Д«lock Chords: A style of piano playing, developed by Milt Buckner and George Shearing, with both hands 'locked' together, playing chords in parallel with the melody, usually in fairly close position. The ground beat was moved from the bass drum to the ride cymbal and the string bass, and the rhythmic feel is more flowing and subtle than before. The higher intervals of the chords (9th, 11th and 13th) were emphasized in improv and in piano chord voicings, and alterations were used more freely than before, especially the flatted 5th & augmented 11th. Improv was based on chordal harmony rather than the tune. Small groups were favored, and simple standard tunes or just their chord progressions were used as springboards for rapid, many-noted improvisations using long, irregular, syncopated phrasing. Ballad playing is replete with its own idiomatic devices.Д«ebop: The style of Jazz developed by young players in the early 40s, particularly Parker, Gillespie, Kenny Clarke, Charlie Christian and Bud Powell. A term more used in rock 'n roll.Д«allad: A slow tune. Even said of the voice.Д«ack-beat: Beats 2 and 4 in 4/4 time, particularly when they are strongly accented. The name is misleading because it is not the 7th that is augmented.ДЄxe: Jazz terms for one's instrument. See 'Alteration'.ДЄugmented 7th (+7): A dominant 7th chord with a raised 5th added. So-called because every possible alteration has been made.ДЄugmented: Raised by a half-step. Of course, in general music theory, any interval may be augmented or diminished.ДЄltered scale: The dominant 7th scale with a lowered 9th, raised 9th, raised 11th, no fifth, and lowered 13th, along with the usual root, 3rd and 7th. The expression 'diminished seventh' is used solely as the name of a chord. In Jazz usage, the fifth and ninth may be raised (augmented) or lowered (diminished) the fourth (or eleventh) may be augmented the thirteenth may be diminished. See Song Form.ДЄlteration: The raising or lowering of a tone by a half-step, from its diatonic value in a chord. Typical of songs by Gershwin, Cole Porter, Harold Arlen, etc. A Section: The first section of a tune, typically 8 bars Jazz terms for the main theme.ДЄABA: The most common form in pop music.

Wht is coda 2